What type of government does chad have

Every two years the president of the assembly is elected by the deputies. Legislation may be introduced by members of the assembly or the deputies and once it is passed by the national assembly, the country's head of state can either reject or sign into law; his or her action must be within 15 days.

The plan of government by the prime minister must be approved by the national assembly which may also force him or her to resign through a vote of no confidence. If the program is rejected twice in one year by the assembly, it may be disbanded by the president and elections for a new legislature will be called. The president of Chad also has an enormous of influence on the national assembly.

Under the constitution, the judicial branch is independent of the executive branch. However, in practice, the president has considerable influence since he names a number of the relevant judicial officials. Members of the supreme court are appointed for life, and they consist of 15 councilors who are chosen by the national assembly and the president. The new constitution came into force in May and provided for a judiciary that is independent of the executive and legislative branches of government.

However, that independence is weakened significantly by the fact that the president is granted the power to guarantee judicial independence. In addition, the president has the authority to name and dismiss most of the key judicial officials, including the chief justice.

So, under those conditions, although the constitution guarantees judicial independence, in practice, judicial independence is not a reality in Chad. The country remains a highly centralized state in which the executive branch dominates the other branches of government—the judiciary and the legislature. As reported by the U. Substantial interference by the government with the rights of peaceful assembly and freedom of association, as well as restrictions on freedom of movement, violence against women and girls, and the failure by the government to prosecute or punish individuals who have committed human rights violations have created an environment that does not augur well for the holding of free, fair, credible and inclusive elections and the consolidation of democracy.

PITA: Thanks for that background. Who are these rebels and what is the fighting about? The fighting began in a region called Tibesti, which is located in the far northwest of the country. At least two countries—the UK and United States—withdrew their diplomatic staff from Chad because of the increasing instability. That was important primarily because it sent an indication to the rest of the world that the political situation in Chad was deteriorating.

By April 19, , the frequency of clashes between rebel convoys and Chadian military forces had increased significantly. Rebel forces subsequently claimed that the Tibesti Region had been liberated and was now independent of Chad. Of course, the government disputed that claim. That same day, the Chadian army announced that rebel forces had been killed and that five soldiers of the Chadian Armed Forces had also been killed.

August, December, This is a resource from the Resource Equity LandWise database of resources. The source for this link is the Ace Electoral Knowledge Network. Act No. Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation. Implementing organizations:.

Government of Chad. The National Assembly must approve the prime minister's plan of government and may force the prime minister to resign through a majority vote of no confidence. However, if the National Assembly rejects the executive branch's program twice in 1 year, the president may disband the Assembly and call for new legislative elections.

In practice, the president exercises considerable influence over the National Assembly through the MPS party structure. Despite the constitution's guarantee of judicial independence from the executive branch, the president names most key judicial officials. The Supreme Court is made up of a chief justice, named by the president, and 15 councilors chosen by the president and National Assembly; appointments are for life.

The Constitutional Council, with nine judges elected to 9-year terms, has the power to review all legislation, treaties and international agreements prior to their adoption. The constitution recognizes customary and traditional law in locales where it is long-established and to the extent it does not interfere with public order or constitutional guarantees of equality for all citizens.

During that period, Chad was not able, despite some progress, to achieve fully inclusive governance. The defection of highranking military officers in and and their decision to join various Chadian rebel groups further undermined the political climate and posed a serious threat to the Government. Those rebel groups exploited the volatile situation in the border areas to launch what appear to be increasingly coordinated attacks against the national army of Chad.

The rebel groups reportedly comprised significant numbers of former officers of the national army as well as non-Chadians, including Sudanese nationals. In addition, some Sudanese armed elements, including from the Justice and Equality Movement and the National Redemption Front, also appear to be present in the north-eastern area of Chad, around Bahai. There were also allegations that Sudanese rebel groups were recruiting from refugee camps in Chad.

Chad experiencing a multifaceted humanitarian crisis linked to the conflict in Darfur and the instability in the northern Central African Republic.

As at 30 November , it was hosting approximately , refugees from Darfur, and an additional 48, refugees from the Central African Republic. Altogether, some 92, Chadians were displaced as a consequence of the upsurge in fighting, out of a total population of about 1.

Despite the heavy burden that the Sudanese refugees represent for the country, the Government of Chad has welcomed them, in accordance with international standards and obligations.

However, in order to cope with the situation, the Government repeatedly appealed to the international community for assistance. Out of the , Sudanese refugees, more than , receive assistance in 12 refugee camps.